Armed Neutrality

Small states wedged between rival powers, Switzerland, Belgium and the Netherlands watch the rising perils with anguish. Neutrality is their tradition and their shield; but the annexation of Austria, the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia and the invasion of Albania have shown that a neutral status protects from nothing if one is defenceless.

Switzerland, in particular, scrutinises its borders. Its Federal Council must decide on the posture to adopt as war approaches. The Alpine geography offers defensive assets, but the country is small and surrounded by Axis and Allied powers.

Three orientations take shape. To reinforce the army massively and prepare a deterrent resistance — 'armed neutrality' — making it understood that an invasion would come at a high price? To rely on diplomatic neutrality and international law alone, while limiting military spending? Or to seek discreetly the protection of one camp, at the risk of losing the independence that makes up the country's identity? The credibility of neutrality will depend on these choices.